![]() Most modern wireless systems require electromagnetic (EM) filters: cellular base stations, satellite telecommunications, radar systems, etc. The function of such a device is to filter a signal’s spectrum, generally while also maintaining the integrity and avoiding thermal noise and unwanted interference. Over the past two decades, substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) technology has been used to develop filters at high frequencies. This technology is a good trade-off between the benefits of waveguides, having low losses and high power handling capability, and planar circuits, offering tight integration and low cost. ![]() More recently, some authors have proposed a technology based on waveguide technology that is compatible with integrated planar circuits, the so-called empty substrate integrated waveguide (ESIW). This approach enables the direct access of the waveguide to the microstrip line. ![]() Thus, a circuit with low losses, fully integrated in a planar substrate, can be developed. On the other hand, filter design is often a cumbersome task, especially if the filter specifications are challenging.
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